Imisebenzi Yezempilo Yabokufika eCanada

Ngohlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo jikelele ezifundazweni nasemasimini, kunezinsizakalo eziningana zezempilo zabokufika eCanada. Izinga lokunakekelwa kwezempilo eCanada lingenye yezinto eziningi eziheha abokufika abavela kuwo wonke umhlaba. Uhulumeni wenze izikhungo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezitholakalayo ezenza ukubonisana kanye nokuxilongwa kube lula, kanti odokotela abanekhono baqashwa ukuze banakekele abahlali.

Uhlelo lokunakekelwa kwezempilo lwaseCanada luxhaswe yipesenti enkulu yentela etholwa ngumphakathi futhi inesibopho samanani entela aphezulu eCanada. Uma unenhloso yokuthuthela eCanada, ngibheja ukuthi uzolangazelela kakhulu ukuba ngumzuzi wemithi cishe yamahhala etholakala kubahlali. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi wazi ngokwanele ngemisebenzi yezempilo yabantu bokufika, izinsizakalo ezinikezwayo, nezinqubo ezibandakanyekayo.

Uhlelo Lokunakekelwa Kwezempilo Emhlabeni Wonke lwaseCanada

Kusukela yasungulwa ngo-1967, iCanada Health Care System izuze okungaphezulu kokwanele ukuthola amaphuzu njengophumelela kakhulu. Iqondiswa yiCanada Health Act, lolu hlelo luhlale luxhaswe esidlangalaleni (ngentela) futhi luzama ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo okuyingxenye enkulu mahhala futhi efinyeleleka kubo bonke abantu baseCanada. Umgomo kuphela odingekayo wokufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zezempilo eCanada ukuba yisakhamuzi noma ukuhlala unomphela. Nganoma yikuphi kwalokhu, ungafaka isicelo somshuwalense wezempilo womphakathi futhi uthole ukufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zezempilo mahhala. Ngemuva kokufaka isicelo somshwalense, uthola ikhadi lomshuwalense wezempilo okufanele ulilethe ezikhungweni zezokwelapha ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuze uthole ukwelashwa mahhala.

Izinketho zezinsizakalo zezempilo zabafuduki abasebenza unomphela nabesikhashana eCanada zilawulwa ngaphansi kohlelo lomshuwalense wezempilo olwehlukile esifundazweni ngasinye nasensimini ngayinye. Ngakho-ke kufanele ubheke ukwazi ukuthi uhlelo olunjani esifundazweni sakho lubandakanya ini kanye nezinsizakalo ezihlanganiswayo. Kuzo zonke izifundazwe, izinsizakalo zezempilo eziphuthumayo zivame ukuhlinzekwa mahhala, noma ngaphandle kwekhadi lezempilo.

Izifundazwe ZaseCanada Zomshwalense Wezempilo Wabafuduki Nezakhamizi Zesikhashana

Hulumende waletifundza kanye netindzawo letilandzelako usungule tinhlelo tekunakekelwa kwetemphilo kanye netindlela tekunakekela tinshuwalense tetakhamuti, tihambi kanye netakhamuti tesikhashana njengebafundzi kanye nebasebenti. Izivakashi eCanada azimboziwe ngumshuwalense kahulumeni futhi zingadinga umshwalense wangasese ngaphambi kokuza noma lapho ufika.

Isifundazwe noma isifunda ngasinye sinohlelo lwaso oluyingqayizivele lokunakekelwa kwezempilo ngakho-ke izinsizakalo ezihlanganiswayo ziyehluka ngezindawo. I-Ontario ngokwesibonelo yisona kuphela isifundazwe esifaka phakathi imishanguzo kadokotela yalabo abangaphansi kweminyaka engama-24 ngohlelo lomshuwalense wezempilo womphakathi. Ukuvakashela iwebhusayithi yezokunakekelwa kwezempilo esifundazweni ngasinye kuzokwazisa ngokuthi umshwalense wabo wezempilo uhlanganisani nokuthi yini engakufaki. Qaphela kodwa-ke ukuthi uma usuthole umshuwalense womphakathi kusuka kunoma yisiphi isifundazwe eCanada, uyakwazi ukufinyelela insizakalo yokunakekelwa kwezempilo eyisisekelo enikezwa kwezinye izifundazwe nezindawo ezweni.

Ukubhalisela Umshwalense Wezempilo Womphakathi eCanada

Ukuthola ukunakekelwa kwezempilo emhlabeni wonke eCanada, kufanele ube yisakhamuzi noma okungenani ube ngumhlali unomphela. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abokufika abasha banomkhawulo wokuthola usizo lwezokwelapha futhi kuzodingeka bakhokhele izinsizakalo eziningi zokunakekelwa kwezempilo noma bathole umshuwalense. Izifundazwe ezimbalwa kuphela ezinikeza ukufinyelela kumshuwalense wezempilo ngokushesha lapho zifika.

Ezifundazweni eziningi, kufanele ulinde kuze kufike ezinyangeni ezintathu nangosuku ukuthola umshwalense wezempilo kahulumeni. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lezo zifundazwe zizoqala ukukuthatha njengomhlali unomphela kuphela uma usuhlale isikhathi eside kangako endaweni. Mane uxhumane noMnyango Wezempilo endaweni yangakini ukuze uthole imininingwane yokuthi uzolinda isikhathi esingakanani. Ngenkathi usesesikhathini sokulinda, ungahle uthande ukuthola umshuwalense wezempilo wangasese ukuze unakekele impilo yakho. Uma sekuyisikhathi sokufaka isicelo somshuwalense wezempilo womphakathi, uzocelwa ukuthi unikeze ikhadi lakho lokuzazisa kanye nobufakazi bokuhlala unomphela ngaphambi kokuthi isicelo sakho siphothulwe.

Ngaphandle kwezakhamizi ezihlala unomphela, lezi sethi zabantu zingabuye zimbozwe ngoHlelo Lwezempilo LaseCanada Lwezempilo:

• Abafundi bamazwe aphesheya abanemvume yokufunda njengobufakazi
• Abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe abanemvume yokusebenza njengobufakazi
• Abefundisi abanjengabefundisi nabefundisi

Ngokufanelekela ukuthola umshuwalense wezempilo womphakathi, oshade naye nabondliwe ngokuzenzakalela baba ngabazuzi bezinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo mahhala.

Ezinye Izinhlelo Zokuhlinzekwa Kwezempilo Ezihlinzekwe nguHulumeni

1. Ababaleki Nabantu Abavikelwe

I-Interim Federal Health Programme (IFHP) inesibopho sokuhlinzeka ngohlobo lomshuwalense wezempilo wesikhashana kubantu abavikelwe, ababaleki, nalabo abafaka izicelo zababaleki kuze kube yilapho bona nezigceme zabo noma abantu abathembele kubo befanelekela uhlelo lomshuwalense wezempilo esifundazweni noma endaweni yabo. Ezinye zezinsizakalo zezokwelapha ezinikezwa ababaleki yilezi:

• Ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ngaphambi kokuthuthela eCanada
• Ukwelashwa kwezimo zezempilo ezingenza ababaleki bangakulungeli ukuthuthela eCanada
• imigomo
• Izindlela zokuvimbela ngesikhathi sokuqubuka kwezifo.

2. Imfundo yezeMpilo

Uhulumeni waseCanada uxhasa ngokugcwele izinhlelo nokuqeqeshwa ngezikhathi ezithile ukufundisa izakhamizi nezakhamizi ukuthi zikwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekusingatheni izindaba zezempilo. Lezi zinhlelo zifuna ukuqwashisa emiphakathini ngendlela yokugwema ukulimala nokulawula ukusabalala kwezifo ezithathelwanayo. Ukuqeqeshwa imvamisa akudingi ulwazi lwangaphambilini lwezokwelapha futhi kuyatholakala kuzo zonke izakhamizi kungakhathalekile iminyaka nobudala bazo.

Izinhlelo Zomshuwalense Wezempilo Ezizimele nokuthi uzozihambela nini

Ngekhadi lomshuwalense wezempilo kahulumeni, uthola ukufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zezokwelapha eziyisisekelo mahhala. Lezi zinsizakalo azivamisile ukumboza imishanguzo kadokotela, ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo, izibuko zikadokotela, i-physiotherapy, nokunakekelwa kwasekhaya, noma ukunakekelwa kwesikhathi eside. Izakhamizi nabangezona izakhamizi ngokufanayo bathola ukufinyelela kulezi zinsizakalo nganoma iyiphi yalezi zinketho:

• Ukukhokhela izinsizakalo
• Izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezixhaswe umqashi
• Umshuwalense wezokwelapha wangasese

Inketho yesibili ayisebenzi njengomthetho futhi isebenza kuphela ezinhlanganweni ezinamasu okuhlanganisa ezempilo kubasebenzi bazo. Izinhlelo ezinjalo zingasebenza kuphela ngemuva kokuthi ugadiwe futhi uqede isikhathi sokuhlolwa njengomsebenzi enhlanganweni. Ukujabulela ukunakekelwa okungcono kakhulu kwezempilo ngaphandle kwemingcele, kuzodingeka ubhalisele umshwalense wezempilo kunoma yiziphi izinhlangano ezizimele ezibanikezayo.

Izinhlangano ezinjalo ezizimele zingaba inzuzo noma zingenzi inzuzo. Izibonelo zezinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo ezinikeza umshuwalense wezempilo yimiphakathi ebambisanayo, amakilabhu, namaqembu abona isidingo sokuthi izidingo zezempilo zamalungu awo zihlanganiswe. Ngaphambi kokuthi ufake isicelo somshwalense, kungadingeka ukuthi uqale ube yilungu lalezo zinhlangano ezingenzi nzuzo.

Izinsizakalo Zezempilo Zabafundi BaseCanada

Iningi labafundi bamazwe aphesheya eCanada alinakho ukufinyelela kokuhlala unomphela futhi uzodinga ukuthola umshuwalense wezempilo phakathi nesikhathi sakho sokufunda. Yize ngaphambi kwalokho, ungabheka ngosizo lwezempilo olunikezwa yisifundazwe ozobe ufunda kuso njengoba izifundazwe ezimbalwa zifaka abafundi bamazwe omhlaba ezinhlelweni zabo zomshuwalense.

Uma isifundazwe sakho singanikeli ngalokhu futhi ufisa ukufinyelela ezinsizakalweni zezempilo zabafuduki, ungabheka isikole sakho ukuthola amaphakheji omshwalense abawanikeza abafundi bamazwe aphesheya. Ezinye izikole zikwenza kuphoqeleke ukubhalisela iphakethe lomshuwalense wezempilo ngenkathi ezinye zingakuvumela ukuthi ukhethe ukungena iphakethe lomshuwalense kwenye indawo.

Izinsizakalo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo zabafundi Ngokwesifundazwe

isifundazwe	Umshuwalense Wabafundi Bomphakathi	Ubude besifundo	Uhlelo Lomshwalense (Okomphakathi nokwangasese)
I-Alberta	kuyatholakala	Izinyanga eziyi-6 noma ngaphezulu	Uhlelo lwe-Alberta Health Care Insurance (AHCIP)
British Columbia	kuyatholakala	Izinyanga eziyi-6 noma ngaphezulu	Uhlelo lweBritish Columbia Medical Service (MSP)
Manitoba	akutholakali	-	Uhlelo Lwezempilo Lwabafundi BaseManitoba *
New Brunswick	kuyatholakala	1 unyaka noma ngaphezulu	Ukutholakala okusha kwe-Brunswick Medicare
I-Newfoundland neLabrador	kuyatholakala	1 unyaka noma ngaphezulu	Uhlelo Lwezokunakekelwa Kwezempilo eLabrador (MCP)
I-Northwest Territories	kuyatholakala	ngaphezulu konyaka ongu-1	INorthwest Territories Health Care (NWTHC)
Nova Scotia	akutholakali	-	Izinhlelo zokunakekelwa kwezempilo ezihlinzekwa yizikhungo ngazinye
I-Nunavut	insimu ayibambeli abafundi bamazwe aphesheya	-	-
Ontario	akutholakali	-	Uhlelo lwe-University Health Insurance (UHIP) *
I-Prince Edward Island	kuyatholakala	Izinyanga eziyi-6 noma ngaphezulu	Ikhadi Lezempilo LasePrince Edward Island
Quebec	itholakala ngezivumelwano zokubuyisana namanye amazwe		I-Régie de l'assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ)
Saskatchewan	kuyatholakala	Izinyanga eziyi-6 noma ngaphezulu	Ikhadi Lezempilo laseSaskatchewan
Yukon	akutholakali	-	Uhlelo lwe-Yukon College Insurance Insurance *

Qaphela: Izinhlelo zomshuwalense ezisenkingeni yilezo ezinikezwa uhlelo lwezemfundo hhayi uhulumeni.

Izimo Eziphuthumayo Zikazwelonke

Amalungiselelo enziwe yiPublic Health Agency yaseCanada ukuhlinzeka ngolwazi ngezilimi ezahlukahlukene ezizosebenza njengomhlahlandlela ngesikhathi sezimo eziphuthumayo zikazwelonke. Ngaphandle kokunikezela ngolwazi olusesikhathini mayelana nobhadane kanye nempilo yomphakathi, i-PHAC nayo ibhekele lokhu:

• Lokhu kubandakanya imishanguzo yokuvakasha kanye neminye imigomo yokuvikela izifo.
• Ukuqeqeshwa ngokuphepha emvelweni, ukubikwa kwesimo, nokulawulwa kwengozi.

Ukusetshenziswa Kwezidakamizwa kanye Nokunikezwa Kwamadokotela eCanada

Uma usuvele unikezwe ezinye izidakamizwa ngaphambi kokufika kwakho eCanada, eminye imithetho inquma ukufinyelela kwakho kuleyo mithi kuya ngokuthi iwela kusiphi isigaba. Imithi eCanada iwela ngaphansi kwamaqembu amabili amakhulu:

1. Ngaphezulu Kwe-Counter Drugs (OTC):

Lezi yizidakamizwa ongazithola kalula ngaphandle kwanoma yimuphi umuthi kadokotela. Ngakho-ke, zibizwa nangokuthi imishanguzo engeyona kadokotela. Ukuze umuthi uthengiswe phezu kwekhawunta eCanada, kufanele ukuthi wahlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha, ikhwalithi nokusebenza ngempumelelo. Ngalesi sizathu, noma imuphi umuthi ongathengisiwe uphephile ukuwuthenga eCanada inqobo nje uma unenombolo yokukhonjwa kwezidakamizwa (i-DIN) njengenkomba yokuthi uyaziwa ngabaphathi bezidakamizwa bendawo.

2. Izidakamizwa zesimiso

Le mithi ilawulwa kuphela ngokuya ngemithi kadokotela. Kwesinye isikhathi, umuthi owuthengisa ezweni lakho ungaba umuthi kadokotela eCanada futhi okuphambene nalokho. Uma ubusebenza nodokotela ngaphambi kokungena, ungabheka iCanada Uhlu Lwezidakamizwa Zomuthi ukunquma isimo somuthi. Ukwenza lokhu kuzokusiza wazi ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo okudingeka uzithathe lapho ufuna ukuthola umuthi onjalo ngemuva kokuthi useCanada futhi futhi kungakusiza ukuthi ugweme ukuletha izidakamizwa ezibhekwa njengezingekho emthethweni ezweni.

Izidakamizwa oziletha zivela ezweni lakho langaphambilini, noma ngabe kunqunyiwe noma cha kufanele kube yilezo ezizophela ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezingama-90 lapho zithathwa ngomthamo wazo ofanele. Okuncanyelwayo ukuthi, izidakamizwa kufanele zibe semaphaketheni azo okuqala enkampani ngayinye iqukethe ilebula elichaza ngokusobala umuthi nokuthi wenzani.

Ngemuva kokuqeda izidakamizwa oweza nazo, ngeke uvunyelwe ukusebenzisa incwadi yakwamanye amazwe ukuthola izidakamizwa esitolo samakhemisi. Umtholampilo wokuhambahamba eCanada ungaba ngumthombo ophuthumayo wemithi kadokotela, ikakhulukazi uma ungenalo udokotela womndeni okwamanje futhi ungakwazi ukukhokhela inqubo yokubambezeleka yokuyithola. Siyethemba ukuthi lezi zinsiza zisiza ukusiza abahambi ukuthi baqonde izinketho zezinsizakalo zezempilo zabokufika eCanada.